After going through much research, below are the overview of foods to avoid while going through pregnancy:
Avoid Unpasteurized Food
Risk: Unpasteurized food that contain Listeria bacteria may cause miscarriage or harm the fetus
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Unpasteurized Cheese |
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Avoid Uncooked Food
Risk: Uncooked food contains bacteria or parasites (e.g. Toxoplasmosis) that can cause harm to fetus
- Ensure meat are fully cook (e.g. well done steak)
- Ensure egg are fully cook
- Avoid sushi food as to avoid eating raw fish
- Avoid food that contains raw ingredient such as raw egg
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Fully Cook Meat |
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Fully Cook Egg |
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Avoid Sushi food |
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Avoid Food with High Vitamin A
Risk: Too much Vitamin A can cause problem to fetus development
A pregnant women is recommended by Institute of Medicine to get 2,565 IU of Vitamin A daily.
3 ounces of cooked beef liver contains 27,185 IU of Vitamin A.
3 ounces of cooked chicken liver contains 12,325 IU of Vitamin A.
A rough guide: 3 ounces = 85 grams
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Liver |
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Avoid Chilled Ready-to-Eat Foods
Risk: To avoid harmful bacteria like listeria that can harm the fetus
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Pate |
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Pre-packed Sandwich |
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Ensure Fruits and Vegetables are Wash Before Eaten
Risk: To avoid harmful bacteria in the fruits and vegetables that may had contact with soil, damaged leaves, etc
Avoid Certain Type of Fruits and Vegetables
- Avoid eating raw bean sprouts because the growing procedure could contain harmful bacteria to fetus
- Pineapple contains a small amount of bromelain enzyme that may cause diarrhea or induce labor. For safe side purpose, it's best to avoid during 1st and 2nd trimester.
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Bean Sprout |
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Pineapple |
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Avoid Seafood with High Mercury or Shellfish
Risk:
- Mercury are harmful to fetus
- Do avoid shellfish as part of precaution as shellfish contains virus, bacteria or toxin which are harmful to the fetus. Example of shellfish are: oysters, mussels, scallops, clams, prawns, shrimps, crabs, crayfish.
Highest Mercury Seafood (Avoid Eating)
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King Mackerel |
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Marlin |
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Orange Roughy |
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Shark |
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Swordfish |
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Tilefish |
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Bigeye Tuna / Ahi |
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High Mercury Seafood (Eat 3 servings or less per month)
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Bluefish |
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Grouper |
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Spanish Mackerel |
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Chilean Sea Bass |
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Albacore Tuna |
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Yellowfin Tuna |
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Moderate Mercury Seafood (Eat 6 servings or less per month)
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Striped Bass |
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Carp |
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Alaskan Cod |
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White Croaker Pacific |
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Pacific Halibut |
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Atlantic Halibut |
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Lobster |
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Monkfish |
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Silverside Jacksmelt |
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Mahi Mahi |
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Freshwater Perch |
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Sablefish |
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Skate |
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Snapper |
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Chunk Light Tuna |
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Sea Trout Weakfish |
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Skipjack Tuna |
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Lowest Mercury (Eat 2 servings per week)
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Anchovies |
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Butterfish |
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Catfish |
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Atlantic Croaker |
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Flounder |
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Atlantic Haddock |
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Hake |
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Herring |
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Clam |
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Domestic Crab |
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Crawfish/Crayfish |
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Oyster |
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North Atlantic Chub Mackerel |
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Mullet |
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Ocean Perch |
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Salmon |
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Pollock |
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Plaice |
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Shrimp |
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Pacific Sole |
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Sardine |
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Scallop |
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American Shad |
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Squid / Calamari |
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Tilapia |
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Freshwater Trout |
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Whitefish |
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Whiting |
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Resources:
http://www.nrdc.org/health/effects/mercury/guide.asp
http://www.americanpregnancy.org/pregnancyhealth/fishmercury.htm
http://www.fda.gov/Food/ResourcesForYou/HealthEducators/ucm091671.htm
http://www.foodsafety.gov/keep/types/fruits/sprouts.html
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/895.html
http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/pregnancy-nutrition/PR00109
http://www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/can-I-eat-shellfish-during-pregnancy.aspx?CategoryID=54&SubCategoryID=216
http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/Listeriosis/Pages/Introduction.aspx
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